海南黎、汉儿童母亲教养方式、努力控制与学业成绩的关系

The relationship between mothering discipline,effort control and scholastic achievement of Li and Han children

使用父母教养方式问卷(EMBU)和儿童行为问卷(CBQ)对配伍抽样获得的190对黎、汉高年级小学生进行调查。结果显示:城乡高年级儿童的学业成绩存在显著的民族差异,且黎族儿童的学业发展风险随年级升高而加大;相对而言,农村黎族母亲"偏爱被试"教养方式得分更高;母亲的情感温暖和理解关爱与黎、汉儿童的努力控制、黎族儿童的学业成绩有正相关;母亲严厉惩罚和拒绝否认与黎、汉儿童的努力控制和学业成绩呈负相关;母亲过分严厉、过度惩罚不仅会直接影响汉族儿童的学业成绩,还会通过弱化其注意控制能力而增加学业失败的风险。结论:农村黎族母亲"偏爱被试"的教养方式是六年级儿童的学业风险因素;母亲的情感温暖与理解关爱有利于促进黎族儿童的学业成绩;母亲过分严厉、过度惩罚对汉族高年级儿童的学业成绩既有直接影响也有间接影响。

Using child behavior questionnaire（CBQ）,the study investigated 190 pairs of Li children and Han children,by the way of compatibility sampling of higher grades of elementary school. The result shows that there is a big gap between the scholastic score of higher grade Li children and Han children,and the risk factors for scholastic development of Li children increased with their grade. The over favored way of discipline of Li mother from countryside helps their children getting higher grade. The affection and understanding from mother paralleled with the children＇s effort control and scholastic achievement,the strict punishment and denying of the mother has negative correlation with the children＇s effort control and scholastic achievement. The strict and over punishment will weaken the effort control of Han children,and add the risk to the scholastic achievement of Han students. we conclude that： the over favored way of discipline of mothers from countryside is the scholastic risk of six-grade children; The affection and understanding from mother may help the children to promote their scholastic achievements; The strict punishment exerting both the positive and negative influence on high-grade Han children.