略论中共四大与无产阶级革命领导权——以中共四大代表成员构成视角分析

On the Fourth National Congress of the CPC and the Proletariat's Leadership over the Revolution——from the Perspective of the Member Composition of Delegates

中国共产党于1925年1月11日至22日在上海召开了第四次全国代表大会,出席这次大会的代表有陈独秀、蔡和森、瞿秋白和周恩来等20人。从组织结构来看,这20名党员代表可以分成三个系统类型,一是国内由知识分子构成的共产党员系统;二是国内由工人阶级构成的共产党员系统;三是旅俄、旅法共产党员。由于代表结构的特殊性,大家都对无产阶级革命领导权有各自的认识,并通过会议形成了一定的共识。对这三个代表系统进行结构分析,可以具体看出无产阶级革命领导权确立过程的曲折性。但是,由于中国共产党当时系共产国际的一个支部,在组织上缺乏独立性,事事听从共产国际,因此中共四大通过的无产阶级革命领导权原则没有很好地贯彻下去。

The CPC convened the Fourth National Congress in Shanghai from January 11 to 22,1925,and 20 delegates including Chen Duxiu,Cai Hesen,Qu Qiubai,and Zhou Enlai attended this congress. Seen from the organizational structure,the 20 party members belonged to three different systems： the first was the party member system composed of domestic intellectuals,the second composed of domestic working class; and the third composed of communists who had been to Russia or France. Due to the particularity of the representative structure,they had their own cognition about the proletariat’s leadership and reached some common understanding. The structural analysis of these three party member systems facilitates our understanding of the process of the proletariat’s leadership being establishing. However,the CPC was just a branch of the Communist International that lacked its organizational independence and obeyed the Communist International everything,the principle of proletariat’s leadership established in the Fourth National Congress was not well carried through.