提高安顺山药栽培气候资源利用率的途径研究

Research on Ways to Improve the Utilization of Climate Resources to Yam Cultivation in Anshun

根据山药生长发育对气候条件的需求,分析了在传统种植方式下安顺山药主要生育期气候条件的利弊影响。根据安顺山药分期播种试验结果,结合大田调查,从气候资源的角度分析了延长安顺山药生长发育期的可能性,提出了提高安顺山药栽培的气候资源利用率的途径。结果表明,将安顺山药播种期从传统的3月11—31日提前至2月23日—3月14日,提前16 d左右,可多获得早春39 h日照时间和≥10℃活动积温65.3℃·d;加强块茎膨大期肥水管理,可延长块茎膨大期约13 d,并使地上部茎叶转黄期从9月20日推迟到10月12日,延长块茎膨大后期约22 d,其间67.8 h的日照和≥10℃活动积温382.1℃·d得到利用。通过播种期的调整并加强肥水管理,可使山药全生育期延长38 d左右,并从早春及秋季增加日照时间106.8 h、≥10℃积温444.0℃·d,可增加产量。

According to the demands during the growth and development of Anshun yam,influences of climatic conditions on main growth periods were analyzed under the traditional planting method in Anshun. Based on the results of staging sowing field experiment and the field investigations,the possibility of extension of Anshun yam ＇s growth period was analyzed from the perspective of climatic resources,ways to improve the utilization rate of the climate resources were given at the same time. The results show that the advance of sowing time from March 11 to 31 to February 23 to March 14,can make full use of early spring climate resources,get more sunshine duration（ 39 h）and accumulated temperature（ 65. 3℃. Second,the strengthening of the fertilizer and water management in the tuber expansion period,can extend early tuber expansion time for 13 days and late time for 22 days,and put off the time of leaves turned yellow from September 20 to October 12,which bring more sunshine duration（ 67. 8 h） and accumulated temperature（ 382. 1℃） in late tuber expansion time as well. In conclusion,through the adjustment of the sowing time and strengthening of fertilizer and water management,the growth period of Anshun yam can be extended for about 38 days,and more sunshine duration（ 106. 8 h） and accumulated temperature（ 444. 0℃） in early spring and autumn,thus increasing the production.