贵州番茄需水量时空分布特征

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Tomatoes Water Demand in Guizhou Province

该文利用2011—2015年贵州省52个常规地面气象观测站的逐日最高气温、最低气温、降水、平均风速、日照时数、相对湿度资料,运用联合国粮农组织(FAO)推荐的Penman-Monteith公式,通过Arc GIS克里金空间插值法进行插值,得到贵州不同上市季节番茄需水量时空分布特征,结果表明:(1)贵州春淡季和冬淡季番茄需水量空间分布相似,呈现由西南到东北逐渐减小的趋势。西南部为需水量大值区(>250 mm);中部、北部为小值区(<220 mm)。夏秋淡季需水量的值较大(425~485 mm)且空间分布与春淡季相反,东北部需水量较大,西南部需水量较小。(2)番茄夏秋淡季需水量明显大于其他两季,且番茄的发育中期为需水量的关键阶段,在春淡季(86~146 mm)和夏秋淡季(193~250 mm)发育中期的需水量为初始生长期和快速发育期的2~3倍。

Base on the data of daily maximum temperature,minimum temperature,precipitation,average wind speed,the sunshine duration and relative humidity of 52 meteorological stations（ 2011-2015） in Guizhou Province,this paper adopted the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by the FAO of the United Nation and then adopted Kriging spatial interpolation method to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution feathers of the water requirements of tomatoes in different season in Guizhou province. The results show that：（1）In the spatial distribution,the trend of spring and winter water requirements of tomatoes in Guizhou Province was similar,which was gradually decreased from southwest to northeast. The southwest was an area of a large amount of water demand（ 250 mm）.Central and northern areas were a small value area（ 220 mm）. The amount of water demand in summer and autumn（ 425-485 mm） was larger than that in spring and winter,and the spatial distribution was opposite to that in spring. The water demand in the northeast was larger and in the southwest was smaller.（ 2） The water requirement in summer and autumn was significantly greater than the other two seasons. The middle stage of tomato development was the critical phase of water demand,which was 2-3 times of the initial growth period and the rapid development time in the middle of spring（ 86-146 mm） and Summer Fall（ 193-250 mm）.