从产业政策到创新政策的制度基础——比较政治经济学视角的考察

Institutional Basis from Industrial Policy to Innovation Policy——based on the Perspective of Comparative Political Economy

自2013年我国人均GDP突破7 000美元,正式进入中高等收入国家行列以来,国家相继提出创新驱动发展、"双创发展"等战略目标,各级地方政府更是密集出台财政补贴、税收优惠、人才引进等创新公共政策,标志着我国政府公共经济政策手段的重心已逐步实现从产业到创新的转移。通过比较二战后东亚地区的日本、韩国以及中国台湾"制度—政策"演变历史发现,创新需要制度和政策双轮驱动,其中制度发挥基础性激励作用,是主导性的;政策仅发挥诱导作用,是辅助性的;政府实施产业政策和创新政策的目标、工具、过程差异决定了基础制度变革必须先行。

Since the GDP per capita exceeded $7000 in 2013,has officially entered the ranks of highincome countries,the government has put forward Chinese innovation driven development,the ＂double development＂ strategic objectives,local governments at all levels is more intensive introduction of financial subsidies,tax incentives,such as the introduction of talent to create new public policy,these marked the implementation of China’s public the economic policy from industrial policy to gradually transition to the stage of policy innovation.However,through the comparison of East Asia after World War Ⅱ Japan,South Korea and China’s Taiwan region system policy evolution history research,innovation system and policy of double drive system,play a role in encouraging the foundation,is the leading;policy can only play the role of induction is complementary.The difference between the objectives,tools and processes of the government’s implementation of industrial and innovative policies determines that the reform of the basic system must be carried out first.