浙江古田山不同森林类型两栖动物群落结构比较

Comparisons of amphibian communities in different types of forests in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve of Zhejiang

于2014年7—8月和2015年7—8月在浙江省古田山自然保护区的阔叶林、马尾松林、杉木林和油茶林等4种不同森林类型中选取具有一定海拔梯度的样带(1 000 m×5 m)各8条,以遇见法或鸣声法记录并比较两栖动物的群落组成及其特征.结果显示:在4种林型生境中共记录到两栖动物2目6科12属13种709只,其中以华南湍蛙为优势物种,其次是花臭蛙和淡肩角蟾.不同林型生境中物种群落组成有所不同,但两栖动物的个体数与物种数在不同森林类型之间差异并不显著(P>0.05).阔叶林和杉木林中两栖动物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数都高于其他两种林型,杉木林型生境中Margalef丰富度指数最高,马尾松林次之.不同森林类型的两栖动物群落相似度系数为0.667~0.987,其中杉木与油茶林中两栖类物种的Morisita-Horn相似度系数最高(0.987).表明不同两栖动物物种对于不同生境具有一定的选择性,两栖类物种分布的差异可能与溪流分布、食物类型、竞争关系等因素有关,而与森林类型并无直接关系.

Amphibians were surveyed by encounter or song methods in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve of Zhejiang from July to August 2014 and 2015. A total of 709 individuals from 13 species belonging m two orders six fzmilies and 12 genera were recorded in eight quadrats of broad-leaved forest.s, pinus ma^ssoniana forests, Chinese fir forests and Camellia oleifera woods each. Amolops riz.ketti was the dominant species and followed by Megophrys boettgeri and Odorrana schmackeri. The eomponenLs of communities were different, but the differences in number d individuals and number of species were not signieant （ P 〉 0.05 ）. The Shannon- Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index in broad-leaved forests and Chinese fir forest.s were higher than the other two types of forests. The richness index of Margalef was the highest in Chinese fir forest.s and followed by pinus ms^ssoniana forests. The indexes d similarity in amphibian community between different types of forests were 0. 667 - 0. 987, and the most similar in amphibian communities between Chinese fir forests and Camellia oleifera woods （ Morisita-Horn similarity coefficient, 0. 987 ）. Different amphibian species selected different habitat, the distributed differenees among amphibians might be related to the stream distribution, the types d food availability and the relationships between competitors, but not related to types of forests.