晚播抗灾条件下不同播种方式对小麦产量及效益的影响

Effect of Different Sowing Methods on the Yield and Benefit of Wheat under the Condition of Late Sowing and Preventing Disasters

为探明小麦晚播抗灾条件下适宜的播种方式,选用扬麦16,采用对比设计法,以撒播旋耕为对照,比较稻套麦和免耕撒播两种抗逆播种方式对小麦生育期、产量及效益的影响。结果表明:稻套麦播种生育期最长为199 d,高峰苗、茎蘖成穗率、株高分别较撒播旋耕高7.2万/667m2、4.13%、2.14cm;穗数、穗粒数分别较撒播旋耕高3.60万/667m2、1.60粒/穗,产量、净收益分别较撒播旋耕比高64.85 kg/667m2、185.5元/667m2,且产量和净效益与对照比有显著差异。免耕撒播与对照相比生育期、茎蘖动态、产量构成无显著差异,但净效益显著小于对照处理。因此,在连续阴雨造成小麦难以适期播种的情况下,稻套麦抢种可以作为一项抗灾播种方式加以利用。

To verify the suitable method of wheat sowing under the condition of later-sowing and disaster resistance,Yangmai 16 was used as material and a contrastive experimental design was used as method. Using Broadcast sowing with rotary tillage as a control,the effects of interplanting wheat in paddy and broadcast sowing without tillage on the growth stage,yield and benefit were compared. The result shows the interplanting wheat in paddy has the longest growth,which is 199 days. The peak seeding,earbearing tiller percentage,plant height,spike number and grain number per spike of Interplanting Wheat in Paddy were 7. 2 × 104/667 m^2,4. 13%,2. 14 cm,3. 60 × 104/667 m^2,1. 60 grain/spike respectively higher than that of broadcast sowing with rotary tillage. The interplanting wheat in paddy were greater than broadcast sowing with rotary tillage by 64. 85 kg/667 m2 for yield,192. 13 yuan/667 m2 for net income,and the yield and net benefit are significantly different from the control. Compared with the control,the broadcast sowing without tillage showed no significant difference in the growth period,stem-tiller dynamics and yield composition,but the net benefit was significantly less than that of the control. Therefore,under the conditions of successive overcast and rainy days,it is difficult to sow the wheat in an appropriate time,so it can be utilized as a disaster-resistant sowing method. Therefore,in the case of continuous rain resulting in unsuitable sowing of wheat,interplanting wheat in paddy can be used as a disaster resistant sowing method.