开通机场和列入世界遗产对神农架游客增长的影响

The impact of the opening of Shennongjia Airport and the listing of World Heritage on tourism increase

神农架机场是新开通的国内旅游支线机场,神农架也于2016年7月正式列入了世界遗产。利用神农架机场开通2年来的航班数据及神农架近年来的游客数量,分析神农架机场开通对神农架游客增长的影响,并结合列入世界遗产对当地游客增长影响的相关研究和分析方法,对神农架游客增长进行了预测,进一步分析讨论了游客增长与旅游环境容量的关系。结果表明,神农架机场航班执行率较低,月均航班执行率仅为65.79%,而且客座利用率也很低,月均仅为30.8%;实际进出港人数仅为2.29万人次,仅占神农架2014年游客数(55.58万人次)的2.06%。可见,机场开通对神农架旅游的增长作用不大。结合国内世界自然遗产游客增长趋势,预测神农架游客2022年可超过249万人次,并超过其旅游环境容量。为应对列入世界遗产后可能的旅游增长,并且可能突破旅游环境容量,建议政府加强政策和制度保障,增加人员和资源配置,提高旅游管理和服务的质量和效率,并采取积极有效的游客管控措施,通过游客分流和游客数量调控,减缓游客增长对遗产地的压力,达到遗产资源有效保护和旅游资源的可持续利用。

Shennongjia Airport was a newly opened regional airport for tourism,and Shennongjia was formally inscribed on the World Heritage List on July 17,2016.In this paper,based on the flight data of the two year since the opening of Shennongjia Airport and the tourist data of Shennongjia from year 2004 to 2014,we analyzed the impact of the opening of Shennongjia Airport on the tourist increase of Shennongjia,firstly.And then,based on the tourist data of some of the natural World Heritage in China,we predicted the situations of tourist increase after the listing of World Heritage of Shennongjia.The relationship between visitor increase and tourism environment capacity was also discussed.The result revealed that there was less impact of the opening of the Shennongjia Airport on tourist increase,due to the lower flight implementation rate,which was only 65.79%,and the lower flight seat utilization rate,which was only 30.80%.The number of annual passenger was only 22900 people,which only accounted for 2.06% of the number of tourist,which was 555800 people of Shennongjia in 2014.Ten years of the predictions of the tourist increase of Shennongjia,based on the annual tourist increase rates of some of the natural World Heritage in China after the listing of World Heritage,showed that the tourist of Shennongjia would be more than 2.49 million people in 2022,which would exceed its tourism environment capacity.To respond to anticipated tourism increase that could result from World Heritage Listing,which would exceed the tourism environment capacity,we suggest that the Chinese Government should improve the quality and efficiency of tourism management and service by strengthening the insurance of policies and institutions,and increasing staffing and resources,and also should take strategies for managing tourist numbers,including shunting tourist to adjacent attractions or to other time and limiting the number of visitors,to alleviate the pressure of tourist increase on the World Heritage.So that,the World Heritage resources of Shennongjia could be effectively protected,and the tourism resources could be used sustainably.