典型炸药药柱撞击感度的试验研究

Experimental Study on Impact Sensitivity of Typical Explosive Grain

为了研究炸药成型药柱和粉状炸药撞击感度的差异,利用炸药药柱撞击感度试验装置,对5~10g量级的3种炸药药柱(TNT、Tetryl和钝化RDX)进行了撞击感度试验,分析了炸药种类、药柱高度和药柱温度对炸药药柱撞击感度的影响。结果表明,炸药药柱和粉状炸药的撞击感度趋势基本一致,但炸药药柱的撞击能(E_0)明显大于粉状炸药,对于TNT、Tetryl和钝化RDX 3种炸药,炸药药柱的撞击能与粉状炸药的临界撞击能之比(E_0/E_(50))在2.6~4.9之间;随着药柱高度由10mm增至20mm,Tetryl药柱撞击感度下限(H_0)由40cm增至105cm;药柱的温度也对炸药撞击感度有显著的影响,随着药柱温度由-40℃升至70℃,JO-8药柱撞击感度下限(H_0)由30cm升至50cm;炸药药柱的撞击感度由炸药原材料、炸药药柱的物理与化学性质等多个因素决定。

To study the difference of the impact sensitivity of explosive grain and powdery explosives, the impact sensitivity test of three kinds of explosive grains（TNT,Tetryl and inactivation RDX） with the 5 10 g magnitude was carried out by the explosive grain impact sensitivity test device, and the effect of the explosive type, grain height and the grain temperature on the impact sensitivity of explosive grain was analyzed. The results show that the change in the impact sensitivity of ex plosive grain and powdery explosives is almost the same, but impact energy（E0）of explosive grain is bigger than that of powdery explosive. For three kinds of explosives, TNT, Tetryl and inactivation RDX, the ratio of the impact energy of ex plosive grain and the critical impact energy of powdery explosive （E0/Es0） is between 2. 6 and 4. 9. With the explosive grain height increased from 10 mm to 20 mm, the low limit of sensitivity of Tetryl grain （H0）increased from 40 cm to 105 cm. The temperature of explosive grain has obvious effect on the impact sensitivity of explosives. With the explosive grain temperature increased from 40℃ to 70℃, the low limit of sensitivity of .108 grain （H0） increaesd from 30 cm to 50 cm. The impact sensitivity of explosive grain is determined by the raw materials of explosives, the physical and chemical properties of explosive grain etc. factors.