美术基础教育科学思维方式对创新精神的塑造——美国《国家核心艺术课程标准》的启示

The Scientific Thinking in Basic Art Education Promotes the Spirit of Innovation: Enlightenment from American National Core Arts Standards

2014年,美国国家核心艺术标准联盟制定并颁布最新的《国家核心艺术课程标准》,"艺术过程"的设计针对"锚定标准"和"持续理解",并包括"创造、表现、反应/鉴赏、联系"四个相关联的部分,对应当代科学集成思维方式"思维→理论→技术→应用→开发→反馈→调节"。通过具体案例和课程设计,构想美术基础教育的科学化思维方式,以及对创新精神的塑造。以科学化的认识论"锚定标准"并"持续理解"美术作品;对艺术由具象到抽象的理解,生发科学思维;在"艺术过程"中通过由模仿到创造的训练塑造创新精神。

In National Core Arts Standards formulated and promulgated in 2014 by www. nationalartsstandards.org,the procedure of art aims at ＂anchor standards＂and ＂enduring understanding＂,and includes four correlated parts of＂creating,performing,responding and connecting＂. This corresponds to the contemporary integrated scientific way of thinking： ＂thinking → theory → technology → application → development → feedback → regulation. ＂Through specific examples and curriculum design,a scientific thinking of basic art education was conceived to promote the innovation spirit. First,apply scientific epistemology to ＂anchor standards＂and ＂enduring understanding＂about arts,then produce scientific thinking through the from-concrete-to-abstract understanding of art,and finally shape the spirit of innovation through from-imitation-to-creation training in ＂the procedure of art＂.