贾谊《治安策》与儒家政治秩序的重建

Jia Yi's Security Policy and reconstruction of the Confucian political order

出于对秦朝灭亡的反思总结,贾谊提出以"仁义""礼义"作为根本要道来治理汉朝,真正开启"治天下"的道路,彻底改变西汉开国以来的"取天下"格局。为了切实可行地达到这一宏大的政治目标,贾谊建议有罪官员自杀以免除刑罚。有罪官员的自杀有利于培养其气节廉耻感。作为国家中坚力量的官员有了廉耻感,不但有利于国家政治的治理,而且有利于优美、淳朴、厚重社会风俗的形成。良好的风俗有力地"托"起了政治,使政治不复堕落败坏。在贾谊主张有罪官员自杀的背后,潜藏着他重建儒家政治秩序的长远目的,这一目的在贾谊之后得以逐步地恢复和实现。这是一个严肃的政治哲学问题,要能够深入理解其价值与意义,必须超越现代视野。

Through the reflections on the demise of the Qin Dynasty,Jia Yi proposed ＂righteousness＂and ＂ritualism＂as the fundamentals to govern the Han Dynasty,which truly initiated the＂governing of the state＂and completely changed the pattern of ＂seizing the power of the state＂since the founding of the Western Han Dynasty. In order to achieve this ambitious political goal,Jia Yi suggested that guilty officials committed suicide to avoid the penalty. The suicide of guilty officials was conducive to cultivating a sense of shame. When the officials as the backbone of the state had a sense of shame,it was not only conducive to the national and political governance,but also conducive to the formation of good,honest and beneficial social customs. Good customs much helped the political operation and avoided political corruption. Jia Yi＇ s advocacy for the guilty officials＇ committing suicide implied his final goal of reconstructing the Confucian political order,which was gradually realized after his death. Thus,Jia Yi＇ s advocacy for the officials＇ committing suicide is a serious issue of political philosophy,and a thorough understanding of its value and significance goes beyond a modern vision.