论人身自由权的暂时性法律保护——以行政强制措施检察监督为视角

On the temporary legal protection of personal freedom

人身自由权是人的最基本的、最起码的权利,公民人身自由权的保护通过宪法确认,由具体的法律制度落实。我国法律制度中缺乏对行政权剥夺人身自由权的权力制约,从而使得人身自由权遭到严重侵害。暂时性法律保护的权力制约性、暂时性、及时性(中止性)和救济中的救济能够实现人身自由权的保护。人身自由权遭受严重损害的现实和现有的监督机制不足以保障公民人身自由权,使得人身自由暂时性法律保护成为必然。十八届四中全会的政策要求、国外的成功经验、民法上的人身安全保护令的实践经验以及刑罚执行上的"刀下留人"的经验使得人身自由暂时性法律保护成为可能。暂时性人身自由的法律保护制度适用于行政行为。借鉴西方人身保护状制度、建立限制人身自由行为的事前报告审查和行政相对人请求保护制度,能够实现人身自由的暂时性法律保护。

Personal freedom is the most basic and minimum freedom of human beings. The protection of the personal freedom is carried out by the specific legal system through constitutional confirmation. In China＇ s legal system,there is no strict restriction on the administrative power to deprive personal freedom,so we should make up for the defect by the temporary legal protection system. It can achieve the protection of personal freedom by the temporary legal protection system＇ s power restriction,temporariness,timeliness（ termination） and relief. It is necessary to carry out the temporary legal protection of personal freedom in the reality of the serious damage to personal freedom and get rid of the loopholes in the existing supervision mechanism which is inadequate to guarantee personal freedom. The policy requirements of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee,the successful experience of foreign countries,and the practical experience in the protection of personal safety in the civil law,and the experience of＂timely stopping the execution＂all make it possible to carry out the temporary legal protection of personal freedom. The legal protection system of temporary personal freedom is applicable to administrative acts,and can be realized by reference to the writ of habeas corpus,the establishment of the pre-report review and the system of the administrative relative persons request of protection.