不同耕作与培肥对小麦氮吸收效率、根效率及产量的影响

Effects of different tillage and fertilization on wheat nitrogen absorption efficiency,root efficiency and yield

为了解不同耕作与培肥措施对小麦氮素吸收效率、根效率及产量的影响,在前5年定位试验基础上,以百农207为试验材料,采用二因素区组设计,设置深耕(DTF_0)、浅耕(STF_0)、免耕(NTF_0)、深耕有机肥(DTF_1)、浅耕有机肥(STF_1)和免耕有机肥(NTF_1)等6个处理.结果表明,0~20cm土层,浅耕有机肥处理下,全氮含量高于其他处理;40~60cm土层,免耕有机肥处理下,全氮含量显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),浅耕有机肥处理下叶片和穗部氮素积累量及植株氮素吸收效率均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);与其他处理相比,深耕有机肥处理下旗叶净光合速率和根效率最高,根系呼吸速率最低.浅耕有机肥处理下小麦产量最高.

In this study,we investigated the effects of different tillage and fertilization on wheat nitrogen uptake efficiency,root efficiency,and yield.This study was carried out on the basis of the positioning test in the past five years.The experiment material was Bainong 207.The study was designed by two-factor zone,which were deep tillage（DTF0）,shallow tillage（STF0）,no-tillage（NTF0）,deep tillage and application of organic fertilizer（DTF1）,shallow tillage and application of organic fertilizer（STF1）and no-tillage and application of organic fertilizer（NTF1）,respectively.The results showed that the soil total nitrogen content was higher under shallow tillage and application of organic fertilizer than those in other treatments in the 0-20 cm soil layer,The soil total nitrogen content was significantly higher under no-tillage and application of organic fertilizer than those of other treatments in the 40-60 cm soil layer（P0.05）.Above-ground total nitrogen accumulation of the leaves and panicle and plant nitrogen absorption efficiency were significantly higher under shallow tillage and application of organic fertilizer than those in other treatments（P 0.05）.Compared with other treatments,the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf and root efficiency under deep tillage and application of organic fertilizer were the highest,however,the root respiration rate was the lowest.The yield of wheat was the highest under shallow tillage and application of organic fertilizer when compared with other treatments.