变应性疾病患儿的血清变应原分布特点

Distribution characteristics of serum allergen in children with allergic diseases

目的探讨变应性疾病患儿血清变应原的分布特点。方法纳入10 061例变应性疾病患儿,采用免疫印迹定量法检测患儿血清变应原特异性Ig E,包含10种吸入变应原及10种食入变应原。结果 10 061例患儿中,检出变应原阳性4 764例(47.4%),其中吸入性变应原阳性2 672例(26.6%),食入性变应原阳性3 801例(37.8%)。阳性率前3位的吸入性变应原依次为尘螨组合1(屋尘螨、粉尘螨)、蟑螂、屋尘;阳性率前3位的食物性变应原依次为牛奶、鸡蛋白、淡水鱼组合1(鲑鱼、鲈鱼、鲤鱼)。除牛肉及羊肉外,其他变应原阳性检出率均呈>6~14岁、>3~6岁、0~3岁依次降低(P<0.05);0~3岁患儿阳性检出率前3位的过敏原为牛奶、牛肉、鸡蛋白,>3~6岁患儿为尘螨组合1、牛奶、蟑螂,>6~14岁患儿为尘螨组合1、淡水鱼组合1、鸡蛋白。结论变应性疾病患儿血清变应原阳性检出率较高,建议对不同年龄段患儿及时进行相应变应原检测和针对性干预。

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of serum allergen in children with allergic diseases. Methods A total of 10 061 children with allergic diseases were enrolled. Specific Ig E of serum allergens including 10 inhalant allergens and 10 food allergens were detected by quantitative Western Blot assay. Results Among the 10 061 children,positive allergen was found in 4 764 children（ 47. 4%）,including 2 672 children（ 26. 6%） with positive inhalant allergens and 3 801 children（ 37. 8%） with positive food allergens. The top three inhalant allergens with high positive rates were dust mite 1（ dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and dermatophagoides farina）,cockroach and house dust. The top three food allergens with high positive rates were milk,egg-white and freshwater fish 1（ salmon,perch and scallop）. Except beef and mutton,the positive detection rates of the other allergens decreased in the order of children aged 〉6 - 14 years, 〉3 - 6 years and 0 - 3 years（ P〈0. 05）. In the children aged 0 - 3 years,the top three inhalant allergens with high positive rates were milk,beef and egg-white. In the children aged 〉3 - 6 years,the top three inhalant allergens with high positive rates were dust mite 1,milk and cockroach. In the children aged 〉6 - 14 years,the top three inhalant allergens with high positive rates were dust mite 1,freshwater fish 1 and egg-white. Conclusion The positive detection rate of serum allergens is quite high in the children with allergic diseases. It is suggested that detection for corresponding allergens and targeted intervention should be performed in the allergic children with different ages.