清中期以前中国传统钱业发展与性质演变

Endogenous Development and Lineage:the Development of Chinese Traditional Financial Institutions and the Evolution of Its Nature Before the Middle of the Qing Dynasty

明清以后,中国商业的规模发展与商业资本运作方式的转变,促使中国传统内生金融机构呈现连贯的、系统化的发展趋向,金融资本逐渐从商业资本中缓慢独立出来。明中期以后钱业发展缓慢,但是也出现了一些新的特征,对后世的账局、票号、钱庄产生了深远的影响。内生与中国商品经济发展的市场需求是钱业演变的根本动力。钱业谱系演变体现在制度的不断创新,在明清两代漫长的演变过程中,缔造了中国钱业自身发展的逻辑。本文拟对清中期以前的中国钱业进行考察,梳理钱业谱系与发展的源头。

Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the development of Chinese business and the transformation of the way of commercial capital operation had led to a coherent and systematic development trend of Chinese traditional endogenous financial institutions,and financial capital gradually emerged from commercial capital. After the mid-Ming Dynasty,the development of the Chinese traditional financial institutions was slow,but there were some new features that had a profound impact on future generations of financial institution,such as Loan bank,Shanxi Exchange bank,and old-style Chinese private banks. The market demand of endogenous and Chinese commodity economy was the fundamental driving force for the evolution of the Chinese traditional financial institutions,which was reflected in the continuous innovation of the system. In the long evolution of the Ming and Qing dynasties,the logic of the development of the Chinese traditional financial institutions had been created. This article intends to examine the Chinese traditional financial institutions before the middle of the Qing Dynasty and to sort out the origins of the traditional financial institutions and its development.