教师教育的智能变革何以可能:智能课堂及其意义

How to Make the Intelligent Change of Teacher Education Possible:Intelligent Classroom Design and Its Practical Significance

提升和改进教师的课堂表现是教师教育的重要内容,科学地评价教师的课堂表现水平则是相应基础。长期以来,评价教师课堂表现水平仰赖于评价者的经验性判断,尽管已有相关"量表"问世,但对于每个维度的衡量和观察也鲜有客观证据加以支撑。为了打开课堂这一"黑箱",教育学研究者开始采用多种工具以采集、分析课堂中的数据,但目前研究者们更加注重对课堂中所采集的视频、音频中所承载的师生"行为数据"的分析。心理学、神经科学、信息科学等学科的发展为这一问题的进一步解决带来了契机,利用神经生理数据来研究教育已成为一种新的趋势与潮流,这一趋势对教育研究大有裨益。面向规模化的教师教育活动需求,需要构建融实际教学情境中教学环境数据、师生教学生理数据、师生教学行为数据以及学业表现数据等"多模态数据"的采集、分析、应用为一体,并利用大数据和人工智能技术发现各类数据与教学之间关系的"智能课堂",为教育学研究提供科学的实证基础。从而为科学评价、提升、改进教师课堂表现,促进教育学从经验研究走向科学研究,推动教师教育的变革提供一种新的思路。

Raising and improving teachers＇ classroom performance is an important part of teacher education,while scientifically evaluating teachers＇ classroom performance is the corresponding basis. For a long time, the evaluation of teachers＇ classroom performance depends on the evaluators＇ empirical judgment. Although therelevant＂scales＂have been published, there are few objective evidences to support the measurement and observation of each dimension. In order to open the＂black box＂of classroom, pedagogic researchers have begun to use a variety of tools to collect and analyze data in the classroom. However, nowadays researchers are paying more attention to the analysis of＂behavioral data＂of teachers and students in the videos and audios collected in the classroom. The development of psychology, neuroscience and information technology has brought an opportunity for the further resolution of this problem, and to study education with the use of neurophysiological data has become a new trend that will do a great benefit to educational research. To meet the needs of large-scale teacher education activities, it is necessary to construct the＂intelligent classroom＂, which integrates the acquisition, analysis, and application of＂multimodal data＂such as the teaching environment data, the teacher-student teaching physiological data, the teacher-student teaching behavior data as well as academic behavior data, and uses big data and artificial intelligence technology to discover the relationship between various types of data and teaching, in order to provide a scientific empirical basis for pedagogic research. Hence, it can provide a new way of scientifically evaluating,promoting and improving teachers＇ classroom performance, impelling pedagogy to go from experience research to scientific research, and giving an impetus to the reform of teacher education.