植物磷利用研究在水稻分子设计育种中的应用

Application of the Study of Plant Phosphorus Utilization in Rice Molecular Design Breeding

磷是植物生长发育所必需的大量元素,作物对磷肥的利用效率约20%~30%,提高水稻的磷利用效率是实现绿色超级稻分子设计育种的关键。本研究首先对目前植物的磷吸收和运输过程中磷转运体、根构型改变、根际有机酸分泌、酸性磷酸酶和植酸酶的研究进展进行了总结,进一步总结了植物长距离及局部磷信号传导和调控的相关基因及网络,最后探讨了植物磷吸收和利用高效基因在水稻分子设计育种中的策略和方法。通过对植物磷吸收和利用代谢途径的梳理,为培育水稻磷高效的新品种提供设计思路,进而验证磷吸收和利用代谢通路涉及的基因在水稻中的表达调控模式,为提高水稻的育种效率提供理论参考。

Phosphorus is an essential primary nutrient for the growth and developmental processes in plants. The use efficiency of phosphate fertilizer in crops is about 20% to 30%. Improving the phosphorus use efficiency of rice is the key to realize molecular design breeding of Green Super Rice（GSR）. In this review, we firstly summarized the current research progresses on phosphorus uptake and transport including phosphate transporter, root configuration changes and rhizosphere secretion of organic acids and acid phosphatase and phytase. Then, we summarized related genes and networks of the transduction and regulation of the long distance and local phosphorus signal. Finally, we discussed the strategies and methods of efficiency gene of plant phosphorus uptake and use in rice molecular design breeding. Through the metabolic pathways summary of plant phosphorus uptake and utilization, the study provided a design idea for cultivating new rice varieties with high phosphorus efficiency.Furthermore, the expression and regulation patterns of genes involved in metabolic pathways of phosphorus uptake and utilization in rice were verified, which would provide references for improving the efficiency of rice breeding.