叶面喷施NaH_2PO_4,K_2SO_4以及KH_2PO_4对葡萄磷钾吸收相关基因表达的影响

Effects of Foliar Application of NaH_2PO_4, K_2SO_4 and KH_2PO_4 on Expression of Genes Related to Phosphorus and Potassium Assimilate in Grape

为了研究叶面喷施磷、钾以及磷钾复合肥的时效性。以‘魏可’葡萄为试材,选择葡萄花序展露期、果实膨大期和转色期,喷施磷钾相关肥料,统计分析其相关生理指标,测定磷、钾8个吸收相关基因的表达情况。叶面喷施三种肥料后,葡萄叶片的新梢生长率,叶绿素含量,果实大小等生理指标均有不同程度的提升。植株应答外源磷钾从基因水平、时间长短等与生长发育情况基本一致。喷施磷肥后基因应答效果在果实膨大期最佳,喷施钾肥则是在转色期最佳。磷钾吸收相关基因在6 h就已经开始表达,在12~24 h达到最高,并在需求高的时期可持续至48 h,磷素一般在24 h达到最高,钾素一般在12 h达到最高。综合生理指标和基因表达两个方面三种肥料的肥效为KH_2PO_4>K_2SO_4>Na H_2PO_4。可以利用磷钾吸收相关基因表达情况预先判断植株生长发育的情况,即可以利用该基因信息判断喷施磷钾肥对葡萄生长发育的影响。

In order to elucidate timeliness of foliar application of phosphorus（P）,potassium（K）,phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer,＇wink＇（Muscat Bailey A×Rubel Muscat X）grapes were used as experimental materials,and P and K related fertilizers were sprayed on grapes at the flower-showing stage,fruit inflating stage and color-changed stage.Then,physiological indexes were analyzed and we detected the expression levels of 8 absorption genes of P and K.The new shoot of leaf increment rate,chlorophyll content,fruit size and other physiological traits of grapes were improved in different degrees after foliar spraying of three kinds of fertilizers.The plant response to exogenous P and K was basically consistent with the growth and development from gene level,time length and other aspects.The effect of gene response after the application of P fertilizer was the best in fruits inflating stage,and K fertilizer was best in color-changed period.The P and K uptake related genes expressed after 6hours and reached the highest expression level in 12~24 h.What＇s more,the expression could maintain at a high level for 48 h under the large requirement of the related genes.Phosphorus generally reached at the highest point in24 h,and potassium reached in 12 h.Comprehensive two aspects of physiology traits and the gene expression,we could conclude thatthe best fertilizer efficiency,followed byNaAll the results could help us predict the condition of plant growth and development by referring to the expression levels of the P and K uptake related genes,which could be used to determine the effect of P and K fertilizers on the growth and development of grape.