环境史视野下的关中地区农业用水制度研究

Exploration of Agriculture Water Institute in Guanzhong Plain from the Perspective of Environmental History

关中地区的农业用水制度是中国用水制度的一个缩影。从环境史视角探索关中地区农业用水制度的演变,是关中农田水利发展过程中最相关的问题,也可以拓宽水利社会史研究的视野。关中地区的用水制度的演变经历了从申贴制到水册制到水权状制,从按需分水到按时分水到按级分水。这样的演变是在自然和人文环境变化的基础上,先民顺应环境变化而进行的因地制宜的调整。我们所看到的农业用水历史,其实是基于不同立场的多种力量综合作用的结果。人们对于环境的利用和改造,是一个在认识上不断变化、行为上不断改变的过程。

The exploration of agriculture water institute in Guanzhong plain from the perspective of environmental history is not only the most relevant problem of irrigation and water conservancy in Guanzhong plain,but also an opportunity to promote the study of water conservation society history.From the process of its origin and development,agriculture water institute in Guanzhong plain has developed gradually from traditional management stage to the gradual improvement stage of management.Such an evolution is based on the changes of nature and human environment.The process of people use and transform the environment is constant change both in cognition and behavior.