近代汕头埠空间形态的塑造

The Shape of Spatial Form of Shantou in Modern Times

咸丰十年(1860),由于《天津条约》的签订,汕头开放为正式通商口岸。西方各国相继在汕头设领事馆、开洋行、建教堂和办医院。洋人与中国商民之间的土地争夺,促使汕头的城市空间不断往西、南两个方向拓展,并形成了开埠早期的扇形空间形态。本文指出,汕头埠呈扇形放射状的空间形态,并非规划而成,而是由潮海关、洋行、耶士摩、会馆等团体和个人建设码头和填海造地所造成的结果。这种空间形态是民国时期汕头城市规划和改造的雏形,奠定了此后一百多年城市空间格局的基础,对后来汕头城市的发展产生了深远的影响。

In 1860,the Shantou port was officially open with permission for international trade as apart of Treaty of Tientsin.As a result,many western countries accordingly came to set up their embassies,open companies,establish shipping,build churches and hospitals.In that context,foreigners and local merchants showed great interest to land reclamation by filling the sea,which made the space of Shantou expanding to the west and south,and formed its primary spatial form.Based on the result of previous studies,archival documents and mapping,this paper seeks to discuss the shaping of the Shantou port＇s spatial form from the perspective of practical space.It argues that the principle characters of its fan-shape spatial form was not the result of urban planning,but of wharf construction and land reclamation done by the organizations and individuals such as Swatow Customs,foreign firms,Ashmore and The Zhangchao Guild.This spatial form was embryo of the urban planning in Republican Shantou which formed the basis of urban spatial pattern of Shantou in the following 100 years,exerting a far-reaching impact on the development of Shantou city.