宣誓制度与民国政治文化

The Oath-Taking System and Political Culture of the Republic of China

晚清时期，宣誓制度经孙中山引介，进入中国。民国成立后，宣誓制度进入国家政治层面。北京政府时期，元首宣誓制度得以建立，现代宣誓制度得到初步发展。国民政府时期，宣誓制度进一步完善，一方面宣誓主体扩大，另一方面宣誓更加细化，宣誓制度体系化、完备化。宣誓制度建立后，逐渐成为民国政治制度的一部分，对于民国官员认同共和民主，廉洁自律等，起到了一定积极作用。但是，由于时代环境的影响，宣誓制度出现形式主义、走过场等弊端，没有完全达到孙中山最初设想的效果。

The oath-taking system was introduced into China by Sun Yat-sen in the late Qing Dynasty. With the establishment of Republican China, the oath-taking system entered national politics. In the Peking Government period, the oath-taking system for the Head of State was established, thus a modern oath-taking system underwent preliminary development. During the Nationalist period, the oath-taking system secured further improvement: on one hand, the number of oath-takers increased; on the other hand, the oath-taking system became more refined, systematic and complete. It became a part of the political institution of ROC and played a positive role in ROC officials’ integrity and self-discipline and their identification with the Republic. But malpractices of the oath-taking system, such as formalism,emerged, which caused its failure to completely achieve Sun Yat-sen’s original goal.