我国中老年人超重、肥胖变化情况及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among middle-aged and elderly people in China

目的了解我国中老年人超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖患病率的变化情况,分析中老年人超重/肥胖的影响因素并提出合理的体重控制措施。方法采用中国健康与养老追踪调查2011、2013和2015年的数据,通过x^2检验比较各年度中老年人性别、年龄间超重和肥胖情况的差异,并分析中老年人超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖患病率的变化趋势。基于2015年数据,采用x^2检验进行单因素分析,并通过二分类Logistic回归分析分别得出中老年人超重/肥胖的影响因素。结果女性、中年人的超重、肥胖情况比男性、老年人更严重,中老年人超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖患病率逐年升高。超重率从2011年的29.2%上升到了2015年的33.2%,肥胖率从11.5%上升到13.0%,中心型肥胖概率从58.3%上升到63.9%。多因素分析结果显示,激烈活动频率、室内休闲活动、是否吸烟对中年人的超重/肥胖有影响(均有P<0.05),而老年人超重/肥胖的影响因素包括午睡时间、激烈活动频率、室内休闲活动、户外休闲活动、是否吸烟等(均有P<0.05)。结论我国中老年人群超重、肥胖问题日益严重,不同年龄段人群超重/肥胖的影响因素不尽相同,要采取针对性措施对中老年人群开展体重干预。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and factors influencing overweight,obesity and central obesity in middle-aged and elderly people in China,and put forward reasonable weight control measures. Methods Survey data of 2011,2013 and 2015 from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study（ CHARLS） were collected. Chi square test was used to compare the difference of overweight and obesity among middle-aged and elderly people and to analyze the trend of overweight,obesity and central obesity. Based on the data of 2015,factors influencing overweight and obesity were analyzed by chi square test and multiple Logistic regression models. Results Women and middle-aged people were more likely to be overweight or obese than men and the elderly. The prevalence of overweight,obesity and central obesity in middleaged and elderly people was increasing. The overweight rate increased from 29. 2% in 2011 to 33. 2% in 2015,the rate of obesity increased from 11. 5% to 13. 0%,and the rate of central obesity increased from 58. 3% to 63. 9%. Intense exercise frequency,indoor activity and smoking had an effect on overweight and obesity in middle-aged people（ all P〈0. 05）,while nap time,intense exercise frequency,indoor activity,outdoor activity and smoking had an effect on overweight and obesity in elderly people（ all P〈0. 05）. Conclusions Overweight and obesity among middle-aged and elderly people are becoming serious public concerns in China,and the relevant factors of overweight and obesity in middle-aged and elderly people are not the same. It is necessary to take specific weight interventions for people of different ages to improve their health status effectively.