江苏省2008-2017年流行性乙型脑炎流行特征及防控效果

Effect of prevention and control and epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis in Jiangsu Province from 2008 to 2017

目的分析2008-2017年江苏省乙型脑炎(Japanese encephalitis,JE)流行特征,为JE的防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2008-2017年江苏省JE数据进行统计分析,资料来源于《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》,采用酶联免疫吸附法进行JE IgM抗体的检测。结果江苏省2008-2017年共报告269例JE病例,年均发病率为0.034/10万,JE发病率总体呈下降趋势(x_(趋势)~2=104.47,P<0.001);病例主要发生在7~9月份,8月为发病高峰;病例主要分布于宿迁市、连云港市、苏州市、淮安市和徐州市5市(占72.86%);男女发病比为1∶0.72,发病年龄集中在﹤10岁(占80.67%),职业为散居儿童。JE患者血清/脑脊液标本有462份,阳性率为78.35%(362/462);病例以无免疫史和免疫史不详为主,有接种史的病例占42.75%。经过一系列的防治措施,近几年JE发病数下降明显。结论江苏省JE发病率低于全国平均水平,本省JE疫苗的接种人群效果显著,今后应继续做好JE的防控工作,加强宣传教育,同时做好防蚊灭蚊等防控措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis（ JE） in Jiangsu Province from 2008 to 2017,and to provide scientific basis for JE prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted based on data of JE collected from national disease reporting information system from 2008 to2017. JE IgM antibody of the cases was tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ ELISA）. Results A total of 269 JE cases were reported in Jiangsu from 2008 to 2017,with an average incidence rate of 0. 034/100 000. The incidence of JE showed a steady downward trend（ xtrend^2= 104. 47,P〈0. 001）. Most of the cases were reported from July to September and the peak occurred in August. Cases were distributed mainly in Suqian,Lianyungang,Suzhou,Huaian and Xuzhou Cities.The ratio of male to female was 1∶0.72. JE mainly occurred in children aged 10 years old and younger（ 80. 67%）,among which most were scattered children. A total of 362 JE cases were positively detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assary（ ELISA）,accounting for 78. 35% of all cases received in our laboratory. Most of cases were unknown and no vaccination,while 42. 75% were vaccinated. After a series of prevention and control measures,the incidence of JE has decreased significantly in recent years. Conclusions The incidence of JE in Jiangsu is lower than the national average incidence,the effect of vaccination of JE is remarkable,we should continue to do the work of the prevention and control of JE,and improve public awareness,education and anti-mosquito strategies.