针刺百会穴对阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠海马区Aβ42影响

Effect of Acupuncture Treatment at Baihui Point on the Hippocampal Region Aβ42 in the Model Rats with Alzheimer’s Disease

目的：通过针刺阿尔茨海默病（AD）模型大鼠百会穴,观察海马区Aβ42的表达变化,揭示针刺头部百会穴是否能改善大鼠的学习记忆能力,是否可以减轻海马区神经元的损害。方法：选用雄性SD大鼠48只随机分为4组：空白组、假手术组、模型组、针刺组（模型＋针刺组）,用链脲佐菌素（STZ）进行脑室内注射,取得模型,选择针刺百会穴的方法,观察相关蛋白的表达。于造模成功后针刺,在4周后进行水迷宫检测,连续测试5 d,测试后24 h内取材,采用免疫组化分析法（IHC）观察脑组织内Aβ42的阳性细胞数。结果：（1）定位航行实验显示：各组大鼠的逃避潜伏期随着训练天数的增加,出现时间缩短,其中模型组所用时间最长。空白组与假手术组比较无统计学意义;模型组与空白组比较,模型组与假手术组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;针刺组与空白组及假手术组比较在1、2、3、4 d时有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;针刺组与模型组比较2、3、4、5 d有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。（2）空间探索实验显示：通过分析大鼠游泳的轨迹来统计其穿越原平台所在区域的次数,模型组次数最少。假手术组与空白组比较无统计学意义;模型组与空白组和假手术组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;针刺组与空白组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;针刺组与模型组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（3）空白组及假手术组的海马神经元各层细胞排列紧密整齐,形态正常,模型组海马区神经元形态结构异常,伴有神经元缺失,针刺组各层细胞排列异常,但优于模型组。（4）空白组和假手术组大鼠脑组织神经细胞结构及形态正常,Aβ42阳性细胞表达较少,模型组表达高于其他3组。空白组和假手术组比较无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;模型组的阳性细胞数明显高于空白组和假手术组（P〈0.01）;刺组与空白组及假手术组比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）;针刺组与模型组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论：针刺百会穴可以改善大鼠的学习记忆能力,减轻海马区神经元损害症状,起到了脑保护作用。

Objective：To observe the hippocampal region Aβ42 expression changes through acupuncturing point of Baihui in Alzheimer＇s disease（AD）model rats. To study whether the point of Baihui can improve rats＇ learning and memory ability,and whether it can help relieve the damage of hippocampus neuron. Methods：Forty-eight SD male rats were selected and randomly devided into four groups：blank group,sham operation group,model group,acupuncture group（model＋acupuncture group）. A model was established by intraventricular injection of streptozotocin（STZ）. Acupunctured the point of Baihui to observe the expression of associated protein. Acupuncturing after successful modeling,made Water maze detection after four weeks,continue test for five days. Draw materials in twenty-four hours after the test,and to observe the positive cells＇ number in brain tissue by immunohistochemical analysis（IHC）. Results：（1）The place navigation test showed that,with the increase of the number of training days,the escape latent period of rats in each group was shortened,and the model group used the longest time. There was no statistically significant difference between the blank group and the sham operation group;Compared with the model group,the blank group and the sham operation group showed significant difference（P〈0.01）;The acupuncture group was compared with the blank group and the sham operation group in the first day,the second day,the third day and the fourth day and there was statistical significance（P〈0.05）;There was significant difference between acupuncture group and model group at the second day,the third day,the fourth day and the first day（P〈0.01）.（2）The spatial probe test showed that the number of times through the original platform can be calculated by analyzing the locus of the rats＇ swimming,and the number of the model group is the least. There was no statistically significant difference between the sham operation group and the blank group. And there were significant differences both between the sham operation group and the blank group,and the sham operation group and the model group（P〈0.01）. There was significant difference between sham operation group and the blank group（P〈0.05）;There was significant difference between acupuncture group and the model group（P〈0.05）.（3）Hippocampal neurons of the blank group and the control group in each layer of cells closely packed neatly with normal form. But the hippocampus neurons of the model group had unusual morphological structure,accompanied by the deletion of neurons. The acupuncture group cells arranged in each layer was unusual,but better than the model group.（4）The structure and morphology of nerve cells in the brain tissue of the blank group and the sham operation group were normal,and the expression of Aβ42 positive cells was less,and the expression of the model group was higher than that of the other three groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the blank group and the sham operation group（P〈0.05）;The number of positive cells in the model group was significantly higher than that in the blank group and the sham operation group（P〈0.01）;There was a significant difference among the acupuncture group,the blank group and the sham operation group（P〈0.01）. There was significant difference between acupuncture group and model group（P〈0.01）. Conclusion：Acupuncture the point of Baihui can improve rats＇ learning and memory ability,help relieve the damage of hippocampus neuron,and it has a brain protective effect.