砂姜黑土区施肥水平对花生不同基因型品种产量和品质的影响

Effect of Fertilization Level on Yield and Quality of Different Genotype Peanut Varieties on Shajiang Black Soil

采用大田裂区随机区组设计试验,研究了施肥水平对花生不同基因型品种产量和品质的影响,为豫南花生主产区砂姜黑土上花生高效施肥提供技术支撑。结果表明:花生不同基因型品种的农艺性状、经济性状和产量存在明显的差异,常规施肥条件下,‘远杂9102’、‘远杂6’和‘豫花22’的产量分别为5958.1、5437.1、6008.6 kg/hm^2,比不施肥分别增加18.4%,14.9%和13.7%;施肥能提高‘远杂9102’、‘豫花22’花生仁中油酸含量、油酸/亚油酸的比值,降低‘远杂6’花生仁中油酸含量、油酸/亚油酸的比值;花生不同基因型品种对花生仁中粗脂肪含量及产量有明显的影响,‘远杂6’花生仁中粗脂肪的含量最高,粗脂肪的产量最小,平均分别为50.3%、1873.3 kg/hm^2,‘豫花22’花生仁中粗脂肪的含量最低,粗脂肪的产量最高,平均分别为48.6%、1895.2 kg/hm^2。在N、P_2O_5、K_2O施用量分别为150、90、150 kg/hm^2条件下,‘豫花22’的荚果产量和粗脂肪产量均最高,分别为6008.6 kg/hm^2和2059.7 kg/hm^2。

To provide technical support for peanut high-efficiency fertilization on shajiang black soil in main peanut production area in southern Henan, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of fertilization level on yield and quality of different genotype peanut varieties by split-plot randomized block design. The results showed that agronomic characters, economic characters and yield had significant difference among different peanut varieties; the yield of‘Yuanza 9102＇,‘Yuanza 6＇and‘Yuhua 22＇was 5958.1, 5437.1 and 6008.6 kg/hm^2, respectively, under conventional fertilization condition, increased by 18.4%, 14.9% and 13.7% compared with that of no fertilization; the oleic acid content, the ratio of oleic acid content and linoleic acid content in peanut kernel of‘Yuanza 9102＇and‘Yuhua 22＇were increased by fertilization, while these traits of ‘Yuanza 6＇was reduced; crude fat content in peanut kernel and yield had significant difference among different peanut varieties,‘Yuanza 6＇ had the highest crude fat content and the lowest crude fat yield of 50.3% and 1873.3 kg/hm^2;‘Yuhua 22＇had the lowest crude fat and the highest crude fat yield of 48.6% and 1895.2 kg/hm^2.Under the condition of N, P_2O_5, K_2O application rates of 150, 90 and 150 kg/hm^2, the pod yield and crude fat yield of‘Yuhua 22＇were the highest, which was 6008.6 kg/hm^2 and 2059.7 kg/hm^2, respectively.