农田边界植物多样性与生态服务功能研究进展

Field Margins' Plant Diversity and Ecological Service Functions: Research Progress

农业集约化和城市化导致农业景观重要生境发生巨大变化,农田野生动植物数量下降。农田边界作为农业景观中重要的组成部分,其丰富的物种组成,不仅具有重要的生态功能,也具有重要的景观价值。本研究对农业生态系统农田边界植物多样性进行阐述,论述了影响农田边界植物多样性的影响因素和生态服务功能。综述研究显示,农田边界具有类型多样性、物种多样性、植物功能类型多样性及时空结构多样性特征;其影响因素主要包括农田边界结构、农田边界管理、周边土地利用影响以及景观结构特征的影响4个方面;农田边界生态功能包括生产、环境保护、野生动植物保护和景观美学功能等;最后总结了不同类型农田边界生态植被营建模式与优化途径,对中国农田边界植被管护提出了一些建议。

The intensive agriculture and urbanizion have caused important habitat alterations in agricultural landscapes and the decline of farmland wildlife. Field margin, one of the most important parts in rural landscape, is characterized by high biodiversity which fulfils not only important ecological but also landscape functions. In this research, plant diversity of field margins was explained with species diversity, ecosystem diversity, time sequence/spatial layout diversity, original and functional diversity. Then, the relationship between plant diversity and field margin structure, factors related to adjacent land use and landscape structure was summarized and discussed. Furthermore, the ecosystem functions and services of field margins were summarized, including agronomic, environmental, wildlife and recreational functions. And the methods employed for biodiversity conservation of field margins were reviewed. At last, future constraints and opportunities in field margin research were discussed for promoting their role in conservation of biodiversity and cultural landscape heritage.