数量化模型估算观赏植物需冷量研究进展

Advances in Quantitative Model for Estimating Chilling Requirement of Ornamental Plants

植物在抵抗和适应不良环境时会产生生长缓慢或暂时停顿的休眠现象,打破休眠时所需的有效低温时数称为植物的需冷量。本研究综述了不同需冷量模型并分析了应用情况及效果。Utah模型是目前使用频率较高且效果较好的估算模型,动力学模型是理论最完善且适用范围最广的估算模型,但仍未推广应用,尤其是国内鲜有报道。需冷量估算模型研究对象主要为休眠芽,对其他休眠器官(球根、种子等)的需冷量研究还不多。与果树等其他园艺作物相比,目前将冷量估算模型应用于观赏植物的研究较少,涉及到植物种类和休眠器官类型都较少。需冷量模型与低温小时数相比能更准确计量及预测解除休眠过程对低温的需求,应用于观赏植物品种区域规划、引种有更好的前景。同时,继续探索需冷量累积的过程中相关的生物学机制,优化需冷量模型使其在不同气候类型中的应用具有通用性是未来研究需要着力解决的问题。

Dormancy is a phenomenon that plants grow slowly or reach a temporary pause. It occurs when plants are resisting to or adapting to environment stress. The time of effective low temperatures required for dormancy breaking is called the chilling requirement. In this study, different chilling estimating models as well as their application effects were summarized and analyzed. Currently, the application of Utah model has a higher frequency and better effect. Dynamic model is considered to be most perfect in theory and has the widest application range, but it has not yet been popularized, especially in China. The main object for chilling estimating models is dormant bud while there is little report on the other dormant organs （bulbs and seeds etc.）. Compared with other horticultural crops such as fruit trees, there is little study on the application of chilling estimating models to ornamental plants. Few plant varieties and dormant organ types have been covered in the existing studies. As the chilling estimating models are more accurate in measuring and predicting the chilling requirement during dormancy breaking compared with the chilling hours, it will have a better prospect for regional planning and introduction of ornamental plants. At the same time, exploration of the biological mechanisms involved in the accumulation of the chilling requirement, as well as optimization of the chilling estimating models for universal applications in different climate types are the problems that need to be solved in future research.