从婚配经历看农村大龄未婚男性的择偶困境及心理应对——基于陕南地区的调查研究

Mate Selection Difficulty of Older Unmarried Men and Their Psychological Response in Rural China from the Perspective of Marriage Experience: An Investigation Based on Southern Shaanxi

利用2015年陕西A市15个村的质性调查数据,基于社会变迁的视角,分析了不同年龄段农村大龄未婚男性感知到的成婚困境及原因,发现农村大龄未婚男性包括其中的新一代,更多地将自身的成婚困境归咎于自身条件和家庭因素,并未将这种困境与中国的性别结构失衡等社会问题联系在一起,而且该群体的成婚困境呈现出新的时代特征,即择偶空间距离增大,其父母养老支持的可替代性降低。此外,对大龄未婚男性的心理反应进行分析,发现虽然他们因成婚困境遭受了心理冲击,但未转化为对社会的不满,不会威胁社会的安全稳定。

Based on the qualitative survey data collected from 15 villages of Ankang city, Shaanxi Province, and from the perspective of social change, this paper analyzes the difficulties and reasons for the unmarried males in different ages. It is found that the older unmarried men in the rural areas, including the new generation, also blame their own marital difficulties on their own conditions and family factors,and have not linked this dilemma to the social problems such as the gender imbalance, and the plight of the group presents a new characteristic of the times, namely, the increase of spouse＇s spatial distance and the decrease of their care for elderly parents. In addition, the psychological response of older unmarried men is analyzed, and it is found that although they suffer psychological shocks from the marital difficulty,they don＇t have social dissatisfaction because of that, and will not threaten the security and stability ofthe society.