清雍乾时期的“另记档案”清查

The Auditing of Separate-register Households during the Yongzheng and Qianlong Reigns

清代旗籍中,另记档案户籍分为另户另记档案与自首另记档案两类。乾隆时期,自首另记档案人出旗,而另户另记档案则被保留下来作为军功赏赐之用。清廷制定了较为有效的善后措施,保证了另记档案清查的顺利进行。另记档案清查,是八旗走向规范化的关键一步,暂时缓解了八旗生计问题。而另记档案人的出旗,使得他们获得了更多的谋生路径,同时也加剧了旗人与民人之间的区隔。长远来看,另记档案清查、出旗并不能彻底解决八旗生计问题。

In the Qing dynasty, there were two types of Manchu ＂separate-register households＂ ： the detached separate-register households （ linghu lingji dang＇an ） and ＂self-declared＂ separate- register households （ zishou lingji dang＇ an ） . During the Qianlong reign, the self-declared-separate- register households were not included in the Eight Banners system, while the detached separate-register households were kept in the system because they had received military awards. The Qing government undertook several effective measures in the auditing of separate-register households that helped to optimize the Eight Banners system, temporarily relieved the problem of banner livelihoods, and eased the financial pressures on the central government. The self-declared separate-register households received more opportunities to earn a living, but the changes intensified the division between bannermen and the Han people. In the long run, the auditing of the household registers could not fundamentally solve the various problems of Eight Banners livelihoods.