行为经济学的方法论困境

The Methodological Predicament of Behavioral Economics

长期以来，行为经济学因诸多方法论问题而被诟病，这些问题包括：缺少统一的框架、基础逻辑的摇摆不定、模型碎片化。导致这些问题的原因是行为经济学保留了许多新古典经济学的方法论特质，诸如本质论、本体论的原子主义以及方法论个人主义。新古典经济学与反对本质论、坚持本体论整体主义和方法论整体主义的演化经济学，是经济学中的两个对立学派，行为经济学本质上是两个方法论极端的中间体。为夯实其理论逻辑，行为经济学必须进一步放宽其关于行为的假设，向更靠近生物学的极端多跨出一步。而演化建模存在的困难将是行为经济学发展的关键节点。

Behavioral economics has been doubted for its methodological issues for a long time, which could be stated as： Lack of a general framework, swinging in fundamental logic, fragmentizing modeling, etc. I think, in this paper, this is closely related to the persistence to the methodology of Neoclassical economics, including essentialism, ontological atomism, and methodology individualism. I reviewed two mainstream economics schools-neoclassical economics, which is in essentialism, ontological atomism, and methodology individualism, and evolutionary economics, which is in anti-essentialism, ontological holism, and methodology groupism--and have the conclusion that behavioral economics is a school that locates between these two frameworks. To make it a logically strong one, behavioral economists must widen their range from physics to biology and weaken their behavioral assumptions, Yet the difficulty of evolutionary modeling is the very key point of the development of behavioral economics.