发生学与类型学视域下的国家与社会关系——从“黑猩猩的政治”说起

A Study of the Relationship between State and Society in the Perspective of Genetic Epistemology and Typology——From the Beginning with Chimpanzee Politics

回溯黑猩猩灵长类的“类国家”与“类社会”状态，即回溯到国家与社会关系研究的“问题原点”，是破解国家与社会关系研究瓶颈问题的有益尝试。发生学视域下国家与社会关系的观念发生，与类型学视域下国家与社会关系的类型流变，两者具有内在同一性，但这一方面的学术研究仍处于分割断裂的状态。德瓦尔《黑猩猩的政治》一书，以隐喻的形式蕴含了国家与社会关系的观念发生与类型流变的内在同一逻辑。在某种意义上，国家与社会关系的观念发生决定了国家与社会关系的类型选择，而人类共同体生活的类型选择验证了人类只有在不断调整完善国家与社会关系过程中才能实现“善的生活”的政治目的。

Going back to the state before the existence of human society, chimpanzee＇s ＂similar state＂ and ＂similar social＂, which dates back to the ＂problem origin＂ of the relationship between state and society. These factors are pregnant with the concept genetics of the relationship between the state and the society, which determines the type theology of the relationship between the state and the society and the common concept of the ＂good life＂ of the political community. The political community formed by the chimpanzee group has the type theology of the relationship between ＂similar state＂ and ＂similar social＂. The true meaning of the relationship between the state and the society, lies not in the substantial violence and strategy, but the eternal love and kindness. On the one hand, the concept genetics and type rheology of relationship between state and society in embryology and typology, contributes to understand the stability of the ＂quality＂ and the rationality of ＂shape＂ in the human community. On the other hand, embedding embryology and typology in political anthropology with the logical thinking of ＂problem origin＂, can help to combine the two opposing individual concreteness with the conceptual abstraction, and can unify the different types of human life and the value of ＂good life＂.