高速列车车轮踏面磨耗预测方法的研究

Prediction Method of Wheel Wear of High Speed Train

高速铁路的发展满足日益增长的运输需求,同时带来了轮轨型面磨损问题.通过磨耗预测模型对车轮踏面磨耗量进行预测,及时对磨损的车轮踏面进行镟修,对于列车安全运行具有重要意义.通过建立轮对-钢轨三维有限元模型进行接触计算,提出一种基于有限元算法的摩擦功计算方法,即接触节点的摩擦功等于接触摩擦力与节点相对位移的乘积,实现车轮踏面磨耗预测.通过接触计算,发现接触斑中心处的接触摩擦力较大,相对位移量较小,摩擦功较小;将接触斑摩擦功叠加得到车轮踏面摩擦功,数值曲线呈中部大边缘小,且随牵引力的增大而增大;通过动力学计算,发现列车在直线钢轨运行初期的车轮横移量近似呈正态分布;对列车在直线钢轨上运行不同里程的车轮踏面进行磨耗预测,发现预测型面与实测型面具有相同的磨耗趋势,即车轮名义滚动圆处磨耗最严重,且磨耗宽度随列车运行里程增加而逐渐增大;应用有限元法计算磨耗功并预测车轮踏面磨耗,具有一定的研究意义和实用价值.

The development of high-speed railway meets the increasing demand of transportation, while it brings wheelrail profile wear problems. By using wear prediction model to predict wheel wear and the wheels can be repaired timely,which is significant for the safety of the train. A way to calculate friction work based on FEM has been proposed to predict wheel wear by establishing the wheel/rail three dimensional finite element contact model, and the point friction work equaled to the product of the relative displacement and the contact friction force. Through the contact calculation,it is found that the contact spot center had larger contact friction force, smaller relative displacement and smaller friction work. The wheel-tread friction work, which increased with the increase of the traction force, was superimposed by the friction work of the contact spot and it was small in the middle and large on the edge. Through the dynamic calculation,it is found that the wheel transversal conformed to the normal distribution approximately at the initial running stage of a straight rail. By the wheel wear prediction of a train, running with different mileage on the straight rail, it is found that the predicted profiles had the same wear trend as the measured profiles. The wheel had the most serious wear in the nominal rolling circle and its wear width was increasing with the increase of train mileage. It has certain research significance and practical value to predict wheel wear by calculating the friction work based on the FEM.