可降解农用地膜应用效能评价

Biodegradable Farm Film:Effectiveness Evaluation

随着地膜覆盖栽培技术的推广,残膜对土地的污染问题日益突出,为了解决残膜对农田造成的"白色污染"问题,试验研究了国内主要可降解地膜生产厂家生产的可降解地膜,在研究了田间的保水、保温和降解性能以及对作物产量的影响情况,分析评价了各产品的应用效能。结果表明:生物可降解地膜可在土壤中降解,但降解的速率有很大的差距。在试验中也有表现相对较好的可降解地膜,但是在生产使用中也还存在一定难度,比如韧性差容易断裂等。建议各厂家在生产可降解地膜时要根据各地的自然资源条件、种植作物的种类、覆膜方式、机械化程度等,生产不同等级的可降解地膜,以适应生产需求。

With the promotion of plastic film mulching cultivation technology,the land pollution caused by residual film is increasingly acute.To solve the problem of＂white pollution＂,the authors studied the biodegradable films produced in main domestic factories,and their field water retention,heat preservation,degradation property and their effect on yield,analyzed their application efficiency.The results showed that biodegradable films could degrade in soil,but the rate of degradation was different.In the experiment,there were some good biodegradable films,which had some difficulties in the production and use,such as low toughness and easy breakage.The authors suggest that the production of biodegradable film should be in accordance with local natural resource conditions,crop types,filming methods,mechanization degree and so on,to produce different grades of biodegradable films and meet the practical requirements.