基于生态服务付费的秸秆机械化还田补贴政策探析

Subsidy Policy of Mechanized Straw Returning Based on Payments for Ecological Services

焚烧农作物秸秆既是农业资源的极大浪费,又严重破坏生态环境。机械化还田是秸秆综合利用的重要途径,具有良好的生态效益和部分经济效益。近年来,在中国的江苏等地,政府对机械化还田给予定额补贴。通过分析秸秆还田补贴政策的不同方式,对比借鉴国外政府购买生态服务(PES)的经验,从大力发展农机服务市场、科学制定生态补偿标准、重视培育第三方组织、充分发挥市场机制作用等方面,提出对农作物秸秆还田补贴政策进行优化。

Crop residues burnt in open field is not only a waste of agricultural resources,but also a serious damage to the ecological environment.Mechanized straw returning is an effective way for comprehensive utilization of straw,with good ecological and economic benefits.In Jiangsu and other provinces,the government has given fixed subsidies to mechanized straw returning in recent years.Through analyzing the ways of the subsidy policy of returning straw to farmland,and comparing the government＇s experience of payments for ecological service（PES）in foreign countries,straw subsidy policy can be optimized from the following aspects：vigorously develop agricultural machinery service market,scientifically formulating ecological compensation standard,paying attention to cultivating the third-party organization and giving a full play to the role of market mechanism.