杂交稻‘天优华占’不同稻作类型的产量结构分析

Yield Components of Different Rice Types of ‘Tianyouhuazhan’

本研究旨在探索杂交稻‘天优华占’作为华南早稻、中稻、晚稻不同稻作类型栽培的产量结构特征。根据‘天优华占’参加华南早稻、中稻、晚稻区域试验的产量构成调查结果,对3种稻作进行产量构成因素与产量、产量构成因素间的相关分析,产量构成因素与产量的通径分析。结果表明,(1)‘天优华占’作为华南早稻栽培,每穗粒数对产量的贡献率为55.7%,每公顷穗数为22.7%,结实率为11.3%,千粒重为4.1%;(2)作为中稻栽培,每穗粒数对产量的贡献率为43.4%,每公顷穗数为45.0%,结实率为6.7%,千粒重为1.2%;(3)作为晚稻栽培,每穗粒数对产量的贡献率为44.1%,每公顷穗数为16.8%,结实率为29.4%,千粒重为3.7%。可见,‘天优华占’作华南早稻栽培高产的关键是培育大穗;作中稻栽培高产的关键是培育足穗大穗;作晚稻栽培高产的关键是培育大穗和提高结实率。

This study aims to explore the characteristics of yield components of hybrid rice ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ cultivated as early, middle, and late season rice in south China. According to the results of regional trials of ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ in early, middle, and late season, correlation analysis between yield and yield components,and among yield components was conducted, and path analysis between the yield and yield components wasalso carried out. Results showed that：（1） the contribution of per spike grains, spike numbers per hectare, seedsetting rate and thousand seed weight to the yield was 55.7%, 22.7%, and 11.3%, and 4.1%, respectively, inearly season;（2） the contribution of per spike grains, spike numbers per hectare, seed setting rate and thousandseed weight to the yield was 43.4%, 45.0%, 6.7% and 1.2%, respectively, in middle season;（3） thecontribution of per spike grains, spike numbers per hectare, seed setting rate and thousand seed weight to theyield was 44.1%, 16.8%, 29.4% and 3.7%, respectively, in late season. In conclusion, the high yield of thisvariety could be obtained by breeding big spike in early season, by breeding big spike and abundant spikenumber in middle season, and by breeding big spike and increasing seed-setting rate in late season,respectively.