临沂市农用地膜残留系数研究与影响因素分析

Residue Coefficient of Agricultural Mulch Film and Its Influencing Factors in Linyi

农业地膜作为农业增产的重要手段,在带来显著经济效益的同时,残膜污染越来越引起重视,笔者采用实地调查和定位点采样,对主要覆膜作物及典型覆膜农区进行了实地调查,对3种主要覆膜作物、不同土壤类型设立定位监测点进行采样分析,初步摸清了影响地膜残留的主要因素和变化规律。结果表明:所有监测地块农田土壤中地膜残留量均低于20世纪90年代农业部在全国17个省(市)调查的平均残留60 kg/hm^2的水平,也没有超过GB/T 25413-2010《农田地膜残留量限值及测试》中地膜污染的一级标准;同种种植制度不同年限当季地膜残留系数差异不明显,而年均地膜残留量呈上升趋势;种植制度、覆膜年限、土壤类型、回收习惯和地膜质量对地膜残留影响较大。

Mulch film, as an important mean of increasing agricultural production, has brought remarkableeconomic benefits, but more and more attention has been paid to plastic film pollution. The authors used fieldsurvey and spot sampling, conducted a field investigation on main mulched crops and typical agriculturalmulching film area, and set up monitoring sites for sample analysis of 3 mulched crops and different types ofsoil, to find out major influencing factors and the variation law of residual plastic film. The results showed thatmulch residues in all monitoring sites were lower than the average residue level（60 kg/hm2） of the investigationcarried out by the Ministry of Agriculture in 17 provinces（cities） in 1990s, and did not exceed the primarystandard of GB/T 25413-2010 Residue Limit and Test of Farmland Mulch Film; the difference of in seasonplastic film residue coefficient of different years under the same cropping system was not obvious, and theannual mulch residues increased; cropping system, filming age, soil type, recycle habit and quality of plasticfilm had higher influence on mulch residue.