化肥减量条件下不同水溶肥对青菜产量及品质的影响

Effects of Water Soluble Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Lee Under Chemical Fertilizer Reduction

为了解在化肥减量条件下不同水溶肥对青菜产量及品质的影响,选择5种水溶型肥料,以施用常规肥料为对照,在化肥总养分减少34.5%的条件下,以水溶肥品种为因素,针对青菜生育表现、缺棵情况、产量体现、生产效益和产品品质等,开展水溶肥应用效果试验研究。结果表明:在化肥减量条件下,在青菜上搭配施用15-6-9和9-6-15的"沃土"系列氨基酸水溶肥,上述指标综合表现较优,既能实现15.79%的增产,同时又能较大幅度地提高产品品质,适合在当地进行推广应用;施用"优多收益"大量元素水溶肥(20-20-20+Te),增产幅度最高,达17.64%,但产品品质大幅下降,特别是维生素C含量仅为CK的70.77%;施用"力亨"大量元素水溶肥(31-10-10+Te),增产12.97%,但营养品质表现差;施用"美农"(20-10-20+Te)水溶肥和"费尔诺"25-5-10和10-7.5-20海藻肥,增产和节本增效均不理想。通过试验研究表明:在青菜作物上,施用水溶型肥料,其氮磷钾养分投入比例以1:0.45~0.5:0.75为宜,既能保证在化肥减量条件下获得较大幅度的增产,同时又可取得较好的产品品质,实现生产效益的最佳化。

To understand the effects of water soluble fertilizers on yield and quality of Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Lee under the condition of chemical fertilizer reduction, 5 kinds of water soluble fertilizer were chosen, conventional fertilizer was used as control, under the condition of total nutrient fertilizer reduced by 34.5%, water soluble fertilizer test on growth factors, lack performance, yield, production efficiency and quality of Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Lee was conducted. The results showed that： under the condition of fertilizer reduction, the comprehensive performance of（15-6-9） and（9-6-15）＂Wotu＂amino acid water soluble fertilizer was better, the yield increased by 15.79% and the quality improved significantly, which was suitable for local application. The yield increased most（17.64%） under＂Youduoshouyi＂major element water soluble fertilizer（20-20-20 ＋ Te）, but the quality decreased, especially the content of vitamin C was only 70.77% of CK; the yield increased by 12.97% under＂Liheng＂major element water soluble fertilizer（31-10-10 ＋ Te）, but the nutritional quality was poor; the yield and efficiency increasing effect of＂Meinong＂water soluble fertilizer（20-10-20＋Te） and＂Feiernuo＂25-5-10 and 10-7.5-20 seaweed fertilizer were not ideal.The experimental research showed that： the NPK nutrient input ratio should be 1：0.45-0.5：0.75 when water soluble fertilizer was applied to Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis Lee. It could not only ensure the significant increase of yield under the fertilizer reduction condition, but also achieve better product quality, and the optimal production efficiency.