烟台酿酒葡萄蛇龙珠葡萄园土壤质地及营养特征分析

Analysis of Soil Texture and Soil Nutrients in Yantai Cabernet Gernischt Vineyard

为探明山东烟台地区蛇龙珠葡萄种植区土壤质地及营养水平特征,调查了烟台4个酿酒葡萄产区的23个蛇龙珠葡萄园土壤,分析了土壤质地及矿质养分含量等指标。结果表明:种植区土壤石砾(≥2 mm)含量≥10%,为砾质土;土壤颗粒≤2 mm的土壤以砂质壤土为主,占74.8%;土壤机械组成中,粗砂粒(2~0.2 mm)和细砂粒(0.2~0.02 mm)之和,占80%左右;土壤有机质含量0.82%,中等和低水平,占34.8%和39.2%;p H 6.03,微酸;碱解氮31.11 mg/kg,极低水平88.4%;有效磷16.44 mg/kg,极低水平53.62%;速效钾105.76 mg/kg,低水平46.4%;有效铜0.46 mg/kg,中等水平59.4%;有效锌0.54 mg/kg,低水平52.2%;有效铁19.05 mg/kg,高和适宜水平,占44.9%和49.3%,养分变异系数:有效铜>有效磷>速效钾>碱解氮>交换性镁>有效锌>交换性钙>有效铁,其中有效铜113.14%,为强变异,其他为中等变异。蓬莱产区土壤呈酸化趋势,p H 5.56,变幅在p H 4.43~6.68,交换性钙、镁含量偏低。

To explore soil texture and nutrition characteristics in Cabernet Gernischt planting areas in Yantai,Shandong, the authors investigated 23 Cabernet Gernischt vineyards in four regions, indicators such as texture classification and nutrient content of soil were analyzed. The results showed that ≥2 mm gravels accounted for 10% or more, and the soil was basically gravel soil; soil with particles ≤2 mm was mostly sandy loamy soil,which accounted for 74.8% of all soil samples. 2~0.2 mm and 0.2~0.02 mm soil particles accounted for 80%;the content of organic matters averagely accounted for 0.82%, the proportion of medium level was 34.8% and that of low level was 39.2%, the p H value was 6.03, that was slightly acidic; the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was 31.11 mg/kg, and mainly（88.4%） concentrated at the extremely low level; the content of available phosphorus was 16.44 mg/kg, the proportion of extremely low level was 53.62%; the content of available potassium was 105.76 mg/kg, the proportion of low level was 46.4%; available copper content was 0.46 mg/kg,the proportion of medium level was 59.4%; available zinc content was 0.54 mg/kg, the proportion of low level was 52.2%; available Fe content was 19.05 mg/kg, the proportion of high and proper level was 44.9% and 49.3%, respectively. The variation coefficient of nutrients was in the order of available Cu〉available P〉available K〉alkali-hydrolyzable N〉exchangeable Mg〉available Zn〉exchangeable Ca 〉available Fe, the variation coefficient of available Cu 〉reached 113.14%, which showed a strong variation, and others were medium variation. The average soil p H value in Penglai was 5.56, which had a trend of acidification, and the variation amplitude was 4.43-6.68, the contents of exchangeable calcium and magnesium were low.