绿洲农作区乳肉兼用型牛选育技术研究与探讨

Research and Discussion on Breeding Technology of Dairy Cattle in Oasis Farming Area

面对当前国内国际肉牛产业发展的不稳定性和来自美国、澳大利亚等发达国家牛肉进口的巨大冲击,以及国内和西北地区及张掖市肉牛产业面临巨大困难。一部分肉牛养殖场、户倒闭或即将面临倒闭的严峻形势,为了振兴张掖肉牛产业,以绿洲农作区养殖的大量荷斯坦奶牛的实际,利用三产以后奶牛授配德系西门塔尔等乳肉兼用型品种,发展乳肉兼用型牛,以补充肉牛产业的后劲乏力以及市场空间。更重要的是以此为契机,进一步扩大牛产业基础,创新工作思路,开辟新的产业途径,发挥奶肉牛优势互补的集合性。同时集成配套繁殖与营养、饲养管理与疫病防控、生态循环农业体系建立与环境控制、兽医卫生与粪污无害化处理等技术,形成现代畜牧业的产业集群,为张掖市农业与农村经济绿色发展提供可靠依据,并做出典型示范。本文着力从基于牛的饲料转化率分析发展乳肉兼用牛的目的意义;从乳肉兼用型牛选育和基础母牛资源的角度论述绿洲农作区发展乳肉兼用型牛的可行性;提出绿洲农作区选育乳肉兼用型牛的杂交选育模式:建立德系西门塔尔地方类群配套系以及乳肉兼用型牛交替杂交模式。

With the the unstable current domestic and international development of beef industry and the huge impact of beef imports from the United States,Australia and other developed countries,beef industry in northwest China,including zhangye,was difficult to develop.In order to develop cattle industry in Zhangye,this paper focused on the analysis of feed conversion rate,cattle breeding and the protection of basic cow resources,discussed about the feasibility of developing milk and meat cattle in oasis farming area and the feasibility of the hybrid breeding model in oasis farming area.