吉林玉米机械粒收质量影响因素研究及品种筛选

Study on the Influencing Factors of Maize Grain Quality of Mechanically Harvesting and Corresponding Cultivar Selection in Jilin Province

2013～2017年在吉林省公主岭、梨树、榆树、伊通、德惠、吉林市昌邑区等地开展13组机械粒收玉米品种的筛选与技术集成示范,对8组试验采取机械粒收和收获质量评价。结果表明,机械粒收子粒破碎率均值为6.40%,高于国标≤5%的要求;杂质率均值为1.05%,低于≤3%国标标准;产量损失率均值为4.47%,总体小于≤5%国标标准,但各试验组间表现出较大的差异。子粒含水率总体呈正态分布,均值为26.55%,含水率与子粒破碎率、杂质率均呈极显著正相关,含水率高是导致收获质量差的重要原因。利用子粒含水率和单产两个重要指标按双向平均法作图,遴选出产量高于平均值、含水率低于平均值的品种先玉027、农华205和迪卡517为适宜玉米机械粒收品种。

An experiment about cultivar selection and technology integration of mechanical grain harvest were carried out in Gongzhuling, Lishu, Yushu, Yitong, Dehui and Changyi in 2013-2017, 8 groups were conducted by mechanical grain harvest and evaluated. The results showed that the mean of grain breakage rate was 6.40%, which was higher than the national standard of ≤5%, the mean of the impurity rate was 1.05% lower than the national standard of less than 3%, and the mean of the yield loss rate was 4.47% less than the standard of 5%, but there was a great difference among the experimental groups. The grain water content generally followed normal distribution with the mean value of 26.55% and was significantly positively correlated with the grain breakage rate and the impurity rate, respectively. Moreover, the high water content was an important cause of maize poor harvest quality. At present, there was no significant correlation between grain moisture content and yield under the tested conditions.Based on two important indexes of grain water content and yield, three cultivars with higher yield than average and grain water below average, that is, Xianyu027, Nonghua205 and Dika517, were selected for maize mechanical grain harvest by bi-directional average method.