内蒙古玉米机械粒收质量及其影响因素研究

Study on Maize Mechanical Grain Harvest in Lnner Mongolia,China

2013～2017年在内蒙古开展9组机械粒收品种筛选与技术集成示范,共获得97个品种/组合139个品次样本数据。收获时采取机械粒收测产方式对其中6组试验进行产量和收获质量测试,结果表明,收获时子粒破碎率均值为9.89%,产量总损失率均值为5.77%,高于国标（GBT-21961—2008）规定≤5%的要求。子粒含水率均值为26.78%,含水率与破碎率、杂质率呈显著正相关。按子粒含水率和单产水平2个指标采用双向平均法作图进行品种分类,对97个供试品种/组合进行初步筛选,吉单66等15个品种表现出子粒含水率低、单产水平高的特点,适合机械粒收。

Nine groups of screening cultivar suitable for mechanical grain harvest and integrated-technology demonstrations were carried out, and 139 samples derived form 97 cultivars were obtained. During harvest, the yield and harvest quality of 6 experiment groups were tested by the means of mechanical grain harvest. Results showed that the mean grain breaking rate was 9.89% and the average yield loss rate was 5.77%, which is higher than the national standard of less than 5%（GBT-21961-2008）. And the average water content of grain at harvest was 26.78%,which had a significant positive correlation with the broken rate and impurity rate. Based on the 2 indexes of grain water content and yield per unit area, the bi-directional average method was used to classify the varieties and to screen the 97 cultivars/combinations preliminarily. The results showed that 15 cultivars, including Jidan 66, etc.,showed low grain water content and high yield and were suitable for mechanical grain harvest.