不同肥料对春玉米干物质积累及转运的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizers on Accumulation and Transportation of Dry Matter of Spring Maize

以西辽河平原地区主推品种伟科702为供试品种,通过2015、2016两年田间试验,研究侧深施复合肥＋硫包衣尿素（FS）、缓释肥＋硫包衣尿素（HS）和常规施肥（CK）施肥方式下,春玉米干物质积累和转运变化规律。结果表明,缓释肥＋硫包衣尿素处理,春玉米产量、器官干物质积累量及完熟期子粒干物质分配比例均高于复合肥＋硫包衣尿素处理和常规施肥方式;转运率及子粒贡献率均低于复合肥＋硫包衣尿素处理和常规施肥方式。缓释肥＋硫包衣尿素施肥及复合肥＋硫包衣尿素处理方式较常规施肥处理少追肥1次,综合考虑增产效果和成本因素,一次性侧深施缓释肥＋硫包衣尿素,可作为研究地区玉米推荐施肥模式。

Three fertilizer treatments, conventional fertilization method（CK）, compound fertilizer＋sulfur coated urea（FS）, slow-release fertilizer＋sulfur-coated urea（HS）, were conducted on the current variety Weike 702 in the West Liaohe Plain, Liaoning, China in 2015 and 2016, then the mechanisms of dry matter accumulation and transportation in maize were studied. In addition, FS and HS had one time less fertilization operation than CK. The results showed that the yield, dry matter accumulation in tissues, and dry matter ratio in grain at maize mature stage under HS treatment were all higher than that of FS, while the dry matter translocation ratio and contribution ratio for grain of each tissue in HS treatment were the lowest among treatments. In a conclusion, HS treatment, that is, slowrelease fertilizer＋sulfur-coated urea was recommended as the suitable fertilization method for maize in the studying area, which was due to the combined factor of higher yield and lower fertilization operation cost of maize under this treatment.