摘要
Dear Editor, Deciphering the role of any protein in a cell requires knowl- edge of the structure, subcellular localization, and the topological orientation of the protein within the relevant cells. The Sigma-1 receptor （S1R） largely localized to the endo- plasmic reticulum （ER） serves as a pluripotent intracellular signaling molecule with diverse roles in the cell including ion channel modulation, stress signaling, and transcriptional regulation （reviewed in Suet al., 2016）, however, the basic topology of this protein within a cell remains controversial.
Dear Editor, Deciphering the role of any protein in a cell requires knowl- edge of the structure, subcellular localization, and the topological orientation of the protein within the relevant cells. The Sigma-1 receptor （S1R） largely localized to the endo- plasmic reticulum （ER） serves as a pluripotent intracellular signaling molecule with diverse roles in the cell including ion channel modulation, stress signaling, and transcriptional regulation （reviewed in Suet al., 2016）, however, the basic topology of this protein within a cell remains controversial.
