“主权独立”还是“航行自由”——中美南海话语权之争中的修辞对决

“Sovereign Independence” or “Freedom of Navigation”:Rhetorical Confrontation over the South China Sea Dispute

在南海话语权竞争中,中美分别以"主权独立""航行自由"为基点建构起不同修辞框架。中方摆事实讲道理、以理服人,既追求认识论层面的修辞效果,意在确立国际历史中的真知,同时也追求价值论层面的修辞效果,意在推广国际关系中的主权、法治、权利价值;美方用论辩干预事实、诉诸权威、以势压人,回避认识论层面,而在价值论层面追求修辞效果,意在推广国际关系中的另一种价值:自由、权力秩序、同盟与既有利益格局的维持。中西修辞框架的对决反映了"修辞立其诚"和"说服/对言"两种修辞观及相应的道德、哲学观的差异,更是中美现实实力的投射。

In the competition of discourse power in the South China Sea,China and the United States respectively constructed different rhetorical frameworks based on＂sovereign independence＂and＂freedom of navigation＂.The Chinese side puts the facts into account and the rationale to convince people.It not only pursues the rhetorical effect of the epistemological level,but also intends to establish the true knowledge in international history.At the same time,it also pursues the rhetorical effect of the value theory and intends to promote sovereignty,the rule of law and rights in international relations.Value;the US uses arguments to intervene in facts,resort to authority,to oppress people,to avoid epistemological aspects,and to pursue rhetorical effects at the level of value,intended to promote another value in international relations：freedom,power order,alliance,and There is a maintenance of the pattern of interests.The confrontation between the Chinese and Western rhetorical frameworks reflects the differences between the two rhetorical views of＂Rhetoric and sincerity＂and＂convincing/confrontation＂and the corresponding moral and philosophical views.It is also the projection of the real strength of China and the United States.