“文体”概念的历史解读与多维透视——兼谈写作教学强化文体自觉的现实必要性

Historical Interpretation and Multidimensional Perspective of the Concept of “Style”——Talking about the Practical Necessity of Writing Teaching which Strengthens the Style Consciousness

"文体"是古代文学理论的重要术语,主要包含体制和式样、作法和修辞、语体与风格三方面的含义。现代语境下,文体层面结构理应包含体制与模式、规则与法度、语体与风格三个要素,其中体制、模式是其主要属性。从文章写作的角度看,文体表达功能的实现主要得益于文体具有规范引领与变异创新的两个子功能。写作教学如果不讲文体规范,学生的写作就会像无轨的列车、脱缰的野马、决堤的洪水,毫无秩序、美感可言。同样,如果忽视其舒展个性、孕育创新的潜在空间和功能,就会陷入僵硬固化的"八股文"窠臼,造成学生思维的板结与个性的失落。

＂Style＂ is an important term in ancient literary theory, which mainly includes the meaning of system and pattern, practice and rhetoric, language style and form. In the modern context, the structure of stylistic level should include three elements： system and pattern, rules and procedures, style and form. The system and pattern are its main attributes. From the perspective of article writing, the realization of stylistic expression mainly benefits from two sub-functions which are ＂standard guidance of style and the innovation of style＂. If the writing instruction does not pay close attention to stylistic standard, students＇ writing would be like a trackless train, a runaway horse and a flood that breaks the bank, which does not have order and beauty. Similarly, if the potential space and function of the style could be ignored, instructors would be stuck in a rigid situation of ＂eight-stranded essay＂ which leads to students who lose individuality.