神经系统中一种新型的潜在治疗工具——外泌体

A Novel Therapy Tool in the Nervous System: Exosomes

外泌体(exosomes)是一种由细胞分泌到胞外空间的纳米囊泡(nanovesicles),在神经系统中参与许多生理病理过程。大量研究表明,在神经系统中,外泌体可以作为细胞通讯的信使,参与复杂的细胞间信息交流。同时,外泌体也可作为诊断疾病的生物标志物及小分子物质传递载体,在治疗神经系统疾病中发挥着至关重要的作用。因此,exosomes有望成为治疗神经系统疾病的重要工具。该综述首先阐述了外泌体的基本特性,包括合成、存储、分离等;其次,讨论了间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)分泌的外泌体在神经退行性疾病的诊断和治疗中的作用;最后,讨论了外泌体作为治疗神经系统疾病的新型工具将面临的挑战。该综述阐明了外泌体这一快速进展领域及其在神经系统疾病中的作用,特别是其治疗应用的最新进展。

Exosomes are small extracellular membrane-based vesicles with a variety of cargoes that are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes in the nervous system. Many researchers have been shown that exosomes play an active role in intercellular communication within the nervous system. At the same times, exosomes play a vital role in the treatment of nervous system diseases, they may be as biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases and molecule-delivery vehicles. The underlying mechanism of interest involves the selective transport of cellular cargo. Thus, exosomes are expected to be an important tool in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. However, in this review, we first illustrated the basis characteristic of its formation, storage, isolation of method. Second, we discussed the role of exosomes derived-MSCs in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Third, we discussed that exosomes would face the challenges that as a novel treat tool in the nervous system disease. This article illustrates an updated review of this fast-progressing field of exosomes and their role in the nervous system diseases, particularly focusing on their therapeutic applications.