西伯利亚的萨满教——从与超自然的合作到社会中的逆向权力

Shamanism in Siberia: from Partnership in Supernature to Counter-Power in Society

在西伯利亚的狩猎社会中,萨满教是一种包容性的象征系统,人与超自然间的合作关系构成基本的二元结构原则,萨满是两者之间的中介。向畜牧社会过渡的过程中,狩猎萨满教的二元论成为氏族制度的附属部分,萨满的位置由长老代替,但这一附属部分却构成畜牧社会集权化的障碍。在国家化的过程中,萨满教实践往往被排挤到社会的边缘,国家权力顶端的二元论设计、萨满行动模式的实用性以及对个人才干的强调都是与国家化相矛盾的。

In Hunting Society of Siberia, Shamanism is a symbolic system of the inclusive, the cooperative relationships between humans and supernature formed the basic dual-structure principles, Shaman is their media. During the transmitted process towards to the Husbandry Society, the Dualism of Hunting Shamanism became the affiliation of the Clan System, the position of the Shaman was substituted by the Presbyter, but this affiliated part formed the barrier that prevented the centralization of the Husbandry Society. During the nationalization, the practice of the Shamanism were generally squeezed out to the Social Margin, the designation of the dualism on the top of the national power, the Shaman activities' practicability as well as the individual's capabilities are all contradictory with the nationalization.