维生素K族对植物源灭鼠剂雷公藤甲素解毒效果的试验研究

The detoxification effect of vitamin K family on the triptolide from Tripterygium wilfordii as an anticoagulant rodenticide

目的鉴于雷公藤具有中等强度的抗凝血作用,推测抗凝血作用有可能是第3代生物植物源性灭鼠剂有效的作用机理之一,特设计实验予以证明。方法先做雷公藤甲素灭鼠饵剂试验。接着,用盛有毒饵食盒让试鼠食用。待试鼠出现明显中毒症状且未死亡时,将准备好的维生素K1、K2、K3、K4注射剂分别推入4组试鼠体内,连续4 d。各试验期结束后,将存活鼠的试验笼清扫干净,正常饲养观察7 d。整个试验期随意饮水,观察记录试鼠死亡时间(每天观察1次)。结果 4种维生素K对于解除雷公藤甲素饵剂毒性的作用是不一样的,10只注射维生素K1的中毒鼠在14 d内全部存活,且愈后良好;每组10只共3组计30只分别注射维生素K2、K3、K4的中毒鼠在14 d内相继死亡,其中注射维生素K2的中毒死亡时间延长,注射维生素K3、K4则全部死亡,解剖后发现试鼠体内有出血病变。结论雷公藤+制取物(雷公藤甲素)中含有天然的中等抗凝血作用化合物,其毒理与其他化学抗凝血灭鼠剂的毒理基本相同,因而解毒剂也可以相同,维生素K1对雷公藤甲素灭鼠剂中毒具有良好的治疗效果。

Objective In view of the moderate anticoagulant effect of Tripterygium wilfordii,it was speculated that anticoagulant effect may be one of the effective mechanisms of the third generation of bio-plant-derived rodenticides,which was proved by special design experiments. Methods The mice were fed with poison baits containing triptolide. When the test mice showed obvious symptoms of poisoning and did not die,the prepared vitamin K1,K2,K3 and K4 were separately injected into the four groups of mice for 4 days. At the end of each test period,the test cages of the surviving rats were cleaned and observed for 7 days,drinking water freely throughout the trial period and observing the time of death of the test rats（1 observation per day）. Results The effects of 4 kinds of vitamin K on the toxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii bait were different：10 intoxicated rats injected with vitamin K1 were all survived in 14 days and better after cure,and 10 rats in each group with 3 groups were killed in 14 days after injected with vitamin K2,K3 and K4,of which the time of death of vitamin K2 injection was prolonged,and all the vitamins K3 and K4 were killed. There were bleeding lesions found in the mice when dissected. Conclusion Tripterygium wilfordii and its extract（ triptolide） contain natural moderate anticoagulant compounds,and its toxicology were basically the same as that of general chemical anticoagulant rodenticides,so the antidote can be the same. Vitamin K1 has a good therapeutic effect on triptolide-killing agent poisoning.