医护人员人格特征和接纳与职业应激的作用模式探讨

Effects of Personality and Psychological Acceptance on Medical Workers/ Occupational Stress

目的了解医护人员职业应激水平，分析人格特征、接纳与职业应激的关系，探讨人格特征、接纳与职业应激的作用模式。方法2012年3月至2013年4月，采用心理接纳量表（AAQ-II）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ—RSC）和职业应激量表（OSI．R）对1801名医护人员进行测试并分析。结果医护人员心理应激反应得分26．8±7．13分，生理应激反应得分24．3±6．50分，医护人员职业应激处于较高水平；人格、接纳对职业应激有预测作用；接纳为职业应激的保护因素，具有内向、不稳定及精神质性格的医护人员职业应激水平较高，人格特征对职业应激有直接和间接效应，神经质对职业应激的效应最强，总效应分别达到0．496（心理应激）和0．431（生理应激）。结论医护人员职业应激处于较高水平，不同人格的医护人员职业应激水平存在差异，可根据人格特征制定有针对性的预防措施。

Objective To assess psychological acceptance and occupational stress of medical staff, analyze the relationship among personality, psychological acceptance and occupational stress and discuss the direct or indirect effects of personality to occupational stress. Methods Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ-RSC）, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II （AAQ-II ） and Revised Occupational Stress Inventory （OSI-R） were administered to 749 medical staff. Results The level of occupational stress of medical staff was high, the score of PSY was 26.8±7.13 and the score of PHS was 24.3±6.50. Personality and psychological acceptance can predict occupational stress. Psychological acceptance was a protective factor of occupational stress. Medical staff with personality of introversion, neuroticism and psychoticism suffered higher occupational stress. Personality have both direct and indirect effects on occupational stress. Neuroticism have the strongest effect on occupational stress with effect size of 0.496 （psychological stress） and 0,431 （physical strain）. Conclusion Medical staff have heavier occupational stress. There is a significant correlation between personality and occupational stress. Measures depending on personality should be taken to deal with this situation.