新加坡中医药的传入与中医教学的本土化变迁

Transmission of Chinese Medicine and the Localization of Chinese Medicine Education in Singapore

中医药随着华人迁徙下南洋,传入新加坡,在当地发展出一些与中国本土不同的特征。纵观1892-2013年间,在中医教学方面,新加坡的中医教学先由民间自主进行,根据自身条件需求发展,从多元传统方式逐渐过渡至单一现代化学院体系;新加坡中医立法后,民间组织与政府协商互动,向当地西医制度看齐,将中医教学进一步制度化,纳入官方体系。研究新加坡中医教学的本土化变迁过程,有助于了解中医药如何在海外由下至上地传播发展,对中医药走出去提供借鉴实例。

Very few scholars work on the history of Chinese Medicine in Southeast Asia. Chinese medicine in Singapore undergoes unique modernization which is different from TCM in China. This research is to explore the development of Chinese medicine education in Singapore＇s context, from the colonial period to the present days. The teaching of Chinese medicine transformed from diverse acquisition methods to one standard modem teaching system. The professional organizations initiated the bottom-up approach, via innovation and reform, to cope with own needs, and selectively learnt from others such as Western medicine in Singapore and Chinese medicine in China. Later after the legislation of TCM in Singapore, they cooperated with the government to improve and integrate it into the official system. The complicated process of localization sheds light on the transmission and development of Chinese medicine Overseas.